Kleptomania (also spelled cleptomania; from Greek Greek , an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, is the language of the Greeks. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. In its ancient form, it is the language of classical ancient Greek literature and the New Testament of: κλέπτειν, kleptein, "to steal", and μανία, "mania Mania is a state of abnormally elevated or irritable mood, arousal, and/ or energy levels, which is a criterion for certain psychiatric diagnoses") is the condition of not being able to resist the urge to collect or hoard things. People with this disorder are compelled to steal things, generally objects of little or no significant value, such as pens, paper clips The Paper Clips Project is a project by middle school students from the small southeastern Tennessee city of Whitwell who created a monument for the Holocaust victims in Nazi Germany. It started in 1998 as a simple 8th-grade project and evolved into one gaining worldwide attention. At last count, over 30 million paper clips had been received, tape, chopsticks Chopsticks are small tapered sticks used in pairs of equal length as the traditional eating utensils of Greater China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. Generally believed to have originated in ancient China, they can also be found in some areas of Tibet and Nepal that are close to Han Chinese populations. Chopsticks are most commonly made of bamboo or, traffic cones Traffic cones, also called road cones, highway cones, safety cones or construction cones, are usually cone-shaped markers that are placed on roads or footpaths to temporarily redirect traffic in a safe manner. They are often used to create separation or merge lanes during road construction projects or automobile accidents, although heavier, more, signs, eyeliner Eye liner is a cosmetic used to define the eyes. It is applied around the contours of the eye to create a variety of aesthetic illusions. Although primarily aimed at females, it has broadened its appeal to the male market, known commonly by the portmanteau guyliner, mascara Mascara is a cosmetic used to darken, lighten, colour, thicken, lengthen, or define eyelashes. Mascara comes in three forms: liquid, cake, and cream. It also comes in many formulas, tints, and colours. Mascara is available with tube and wand applicators. Ingredients in mascara include water, wax thickeners, film-formers, and preservatives. Mascara, drugs A drug, broadly speaking, is any substance that, when absorbed into the body of a living organism, alters normal bodily function. There is no single, precise definition, as there are different meanings in drug control law, government regulations, medicine, and colloquial usage and small toys A toy is a thing used in play. Toys are usually associated with children and pets, but it is not unusual for adult beings and some non-domesticated dogs, cats, mice etc. to play with toys. Many items are processed to serve as toys, but goods, or services produced for other purposes can also be used as toys. A child may pick up a household item and. Some kleptomaniacs may not even be aware that they have committed the theft.

Kleptomania was first officially recognized in the US as a mental disorder in the 1960s in the case of the state of California v. Douglas Jones.[citation needed]

Kleptomania is distinguished from shoplifting Shoplifting is theft of goods from a retail establishment. It is one of the most common property crimes dealt with by police and courts.[citation needed] or ordinary theft In criminal law, theft is the illegal taking of another person's property without that person's freely-given consent. The word is also used as an informal shorthand term for some crimes against property, such as burglary, embezzlement, larceny, looting, robbery, shoplifting, fraud and sometimes criminal conversion. In some jurisdictions, theft is, as shoplifters and thieves generally steal for monetary value, or associated gains and usually display intent or premeditation, while kleptomaniacs are not necessarily contemplating the value of the items they steal or even the theft until they are compelled without motive. Of all reported shoplifting, less than 5% are actually committed by kleptomaniacs.[citation needed]

This disorder usually manifests during puberty and, in some cases, may never stop and lasts throughout the person's life.

People with this disorder are likely to have a comorbid The term dual diagnosis is often applied to the comorbid existence of both a mental disorder and a developmental disability condition, specifically paranoid Paranoid personality disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis characterized by paranoia and a pervasive, long-standing suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of others, schizoid Schizoid personality disorder is a personality disorder characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, a tendency towards a solitary lifestyle, secretiveness, and emotional coldness. SPD can be a precursor to schizophrenia, or delusional disorder or borderline personality disorder Borderline personality disorder is a personality disorder described as a prolonged disturbance of personality function in a person over the age of eighteen years, characterized by depth and variability of moods. The disorder typically involves unusual levels of instability in mood; "black and white" thinking, or splitting; chaotic and.[1] Kleptomania can occur after traumatic brain injury Traumatic brain injury occurs when an outside force traumatically injures the brain. TBI can be classified based on severity, mechanism (closed or penetrating head injury), or other features (e.g. occurring in a specific location or over a widespread area). Head injury usually refers to TBI, but is a broader category because it can involve damage and carbon monoxide poisoning Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs after enough inhalation of carbon monoxide . Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas, but, being colorless, odorless, tasteless, and non-irritating, it is very difficult for people to detect. Carbon monoxide is a product of combustion of organic matter with insufficient oxygen supply to enable complete oxidation to carbon.[2][3]

Kleptomania is usually thought of as part of the obsessive-compulsive disorder Obsessive–compulsive disorder is a mental disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce anxiety, by repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing anxiety, or by combinations of such thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions). The symptoms of this anxiety disorder range from repetitive hand-washing and extensive hoarding to spectrum, although emerging evidence suggests that it may be more similar to addictive The meaning of the word addiction in the english lexicon varies according to context. A positive addiction is a beneficial habit--where the benefits outweigh the costs. A negative addiction is a detrimental habit--where the benefits are not worth the costs. A neutral addiction is a habit in which it is not clear if the organism benefits from the and mood disorders A mood disorder is the term given for a group of diagnoses in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders classification system where a disturbance in the person's mood is hypothesized to be the main underlying feature. The classification is known as mood (affective) disorders in ICD 10. In particular, this disorder is frequently co-morbid with substance use disorders, and it is common for individuals with kleptomania to have first-degree relatives who suffer from a substance use disorder.[4]

Relationship to OCD

Kleptomania is frequently thought of as being a part of obsessive-compulsive disorder Obsessive–compulsive disorder is a mental disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce anxiety, by repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing anxiety, or by combinations of such thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions). The symptoms of this anxiety disorder range from repetitive hand-washing and extensive hoarding to, since the irresistible and uncontrollable actions are similar to the frequently excessive, unnecessary and unwanted rituals of OCD. Some individuals with kleptomania demonstrate hoarding symptoms that resemble those with OCD.[5]

Prevalence rates between the two disorders do not demonstrate a strong relationship. Studies examining the comorbidity of OCD in subjects with kleptomania have inconsistent results, with some showing a relatively high co-occurrence (45%-60%)[6][7] while others demonstrate low rates (0%-6.5%).[8][9] Similarly, when rates of kleptomania have been examined in subjects with OCD, a relatively low co-occurrence was found (2.2%-5.9%).[10][11]

See also

References

  1. ^ Grant JE (2004). "Co-occurrence of personality disorders in persons with kleptomania: a preliminary investigation". J. Am. Acad. Psychiatry Law 32 (4): 395–8. PMID A PMID is a unique number assigned to each PubMed citation of life sciences and biomedical scientific journal articles. The related Pubmed Central archive may additionally assign a separate number, a PMCID (PubMed Central Identifier), normally written with a PMC prefix 15704625.
  2. ^ Aizer A, Lowengrub K, Dannon PN (2004). "Kleptomania after head trauma: two case reports and the fucking combination treatment strategies". Clinical neuropharmacology 27 (5): 211–5. PMID A PMID is a unique number assigned to each PubMed citation of life sciences and biomedical scientific journal articles. The related Pubmed Central archive may additionally assign a separate number, a PMCID (PubMed Central Identifier), normally written with a PMC prefix 15602100.
  3. ^ Gürlek Yüksel E, Taşkin EO, Yilmaz Ovali G, Karaçam M, Esen Danaci A (2007). "[Case report: kleptomania and other psychiatric symptoms after carbon monoxide intoxication]" (in Turkish). Türk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry 18 (1): 80–6. PMID A PMID is a unique number assigned to each PubMed citation of life sciences and biomedical scientific journal articles. The related Pubmed Central archive may additionally assign a separate number, a PMCID (PubMed Central Identifier), normally written with a PMC prefix 17364271. Full text available.
  4. ^ Grant JE (2006). "Understanding and treating kleptomania: new models and new treatments". The Israel journal of psychiatry and related sciences 43 (2): 81–7. PMID A PMID is a unique number assigned to each PubMed citation of life sciences and biomedical scientific journal articles. The related Pubmed Central archive may additionally assign a separate number, a PMCID (PubMed Central Identifier), normally written with a PMC prefix 16910369. Full text PDF
  5. ^ Grant JE, Kim SW (2002). "Clinical characteristics and associated psychopathology of 22 patients with kleptomania". Comprehensive psychiatry 43 (5): 378–84. doi A digital object identifier is a character string used to uniquely identify an electronic document or other entity. The DOI for a document remains fixed over the lifetime of the document, unlike URLs which can change when a publisher of online content changes its web server's file structure, and the DOI System provides a mechanism for locating an:10.1053/comp.2002.34628. PMID A PMID is a unique number assigned to each PubMed citation of life sciences and biomedical scientific journal articles. The related Pubmed Central archive may additionally assign a separate number, a PMCID (PubMed Central Identifier), normally written with a PMC prefix 12216013.
  6. ^ Presta S, Marazziti D, Dell'Osso L, Pfanner C, Pallanti S, Cassano GB (2002). "Kleptomania: clinical features and comorbidity in an Italian sample". Comprehensive psychiatry 43 (1): 7–12. doi A digital object identifier is a character string used to uniquely identify an electronic document or other entity. The DOI for a document remains fixed over the lifetime of the document, unlike URLs which can change when a publisher of online content changes its web server's file structure, and the DOI System provides a mechanism for locating an:10.1053/comp.2002.29851. PMID A PMID is a unique number assigned to each PubMed citation of life sciences and biomedical scientific journal articles. The related Pubmed Central archive may additionally assign a separate number, a PMCID (PubMed Central Identifier), normally written with a PMC prefix 11788913.
  7. ^ McElroy SL, Pope HG, Hudson JI, Keck PE, White KL (1991). "Kleptomania: a report of 20 cases". The American journal of psychiatry 148 (5): 652–7. PMID A PMID is a unique number assigned to each PubMed citation of life sciences and biomedical scientific journal articles. The related Pubmed Central archive may additionally assign a separate number, a PMCID (PubMed Central Identifier), normally written with a PMC prefix 2018170.
  8. ^ Baylé FJ, Caci H, Millet B, Richa S, Olié JP (2003). "Psychopathology and comorbidity of psychiatric disorders in patients with kleptomania". The American journal of psychiatry 160 (8): 1509–13. doi A digital object identifier is a character string used to uniquely identify an electronic document or other entity. The DOI for a document remains fixed over the lifetime of the document, unlike URLs which can change when a publisher of online content changes its web server's file structure, and the DOI System provides a mechanism for locating an:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1509. PMID A PMID is a unique number assigned to each PubMed citation of life sciences and biomedical scientific journal articles. The related Pubmed Central archive may additionally assign a separate number, a PMCID (PubMed Central Identifier), normally written with a PMC prefix 12900315. Full text available
  9. ^ Grant JE (2003). "Family history and psychiatric comorbidity in persons with kleptomania". Comprehensive psychiatry 44 (6): 437–41. doi A digital object identifier is a character string used to uniquely identify an electronic document or other entity. The DOI for a document remains fixed over the lifetime of the document, unlike URLs which can change when a publisher of online content changes its web server's file structure, and the DOI System provides a mechanism for locating an:10.1016/S0010-440X(03)00150-0. PMID A PMID is a unique number assigned to each PubMed citation of life sciences and biomedical scientific journal articles. The related Pubmed Central archive may additionally assign a separate number, a PMCID (PubMed Central Identifier), normally written with a PMC prefix 14610719.
  10. ^ Matsunaga H, Kiriike N, Matsui T, Oya K, Okino K, Stein DJ (2005). "Impulsive disorders in Japanese adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder". Comprehensive psychiatry 46 (1): 43–9. doi A digital object identifier is a character string used to uniquely identify an electronic document or other entity. The DOI for a document remains fixed over the lifetime of the document, unlike URLs which can change when a publisher of online content changes its web server's file structure, and the DOI System provides a mechanism for locating an:10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.07.001. PMID A PMID is a unique number assigned to each PubMed citation of life sciences and biomedical scientific journal articles. The related Pubmed Central archive may additionally assign a separate number, a PMCID (PubMed Central Identifier), normally written with a PMC prefix 15714194.
  11. ^ Fontenelle LF, Mendlowicz MV, Versiani M, (2005) Impulse control disorders in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatr Clin Neurosci. 59:30-37.
Mental A mental disorder or mental illness is a psychological or behavioural pattern that occurs in an individual and is thought to cause distress or disability that is not expected as part of normal development or culture. The recognition and understanding of mental health conditions has changed over time and across cultures, and there are still and behavioral disorders Emotional and behavioral disorders is a broad category which is used commonly in educational settings, to group a range of more specific perceived difficulties of children and adolescents. Both general definitions as well as concrete diagnosis of EBD may be controversial as the observed behavior may depend on many factors (F Personality disorder · Impulse control disorder · Factitious disorder (Munchausen syndrome) · 290–319 Personality disorder · Impulse control disorder · Factitious disorder (Munchausen syndrome))
Neurological/symptomatic Dementia Dementia is a serious loss of cognitive ability in a previously-unimpaired person, beyond what might be expected from normal aging. It may be static, the result of a unique global brain injury, or progressive, resulting in long-term decline due to damage or disease in the body. Although dementia is far more common in the geriatric population, it (Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease , also called Alzheimer disease, Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type (SDAT) or simply Alzheimer's, is the most common form of dementia. This incurable, degenerative, and terminal disease was first described by German psychiatrist and neuropathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906 and was named after him. Generally, it is diagnosed, multi-infarct dementia Multi-infarct dementia, also known as vascular dementia, is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer disease in older adults. The term refers to a group of syndromes caused by different mechanisms all resulting in vascular lesions in the brain. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are important, as vascular dementia is at least, Pick's disease Pick's disease, also known as Pick disease and PiD, is a rare neurodegenerative disease. While the term Pick's disease was once used to represent a specific group of clinical syndromes with symptoms attributable to frontal and temporal lobe dysfunction, it is now used to mean a specific pathology that is just one of the causes of the clinical, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, Huntington's disease Huntington's disease, chorea, or disorder , is an incurable neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination and some cognitive functions, typically becoming noticeable in middle age. It is the most common genetic cause of abnormal involuntary writhing movements called chorea and is much more common in people of Western Europe, Parkinson's disease Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that often impairs the sufferer's motor skills, speech, and other functions, AIDS dementia complex AIDS dementia complex is a common neurological disorder associated with HIV infection and AIDS. It is a metabolic encephalopathy induced by HIV infection and fueled by immune activation of brain macrophages and microglia. These cells are actively infected with HIV and secrete neurotoxins of both host and viral origin. The essential features of ADC, Frontotemporal dementia Frontotemporal dementia is a clinical syndrome caused by degeneration of the frontal lobe of the brain and may extend back to the temporal lobe. It is one of three syndromes caused by frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Sundowning In medicine, sundowning, also known as sundown syndrome, is a syndrome involving the occurrence or increase of one or more abnormal behaviors in a circadian rhythm. Sundowning typically occurs during the late afternoon, evening, and night, hence the name. It occurs in persons with certain forms of dementia and psychosis, such as seen in Alzheimer', Wandering) · Delirium · Post-concussion syndrome · Organic brain syndrome
Psychoactive substance/ substance abuse/ drug abuse/ substance-related disorder alcohol (acute alcohol intoxication, drunkenness, alcohol dependence, alcoholic hallucinosis, Alcohol withdrawal, delirium tremens, Korsakoff's syndrome, alcohol abuse) · opioids (opioid overdose, opioid dependency) · sedative/hypnotic (benzodiazepine overdose, benzodiazepine dependence, benzodiazepine withdrawal) · cocaine (cocaine intoxication, cocaine dependence) · general (Intoxication/Drug overdose, Physical dependence, Rebound effect, Withdrawal)
Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional Psychosis (Schizoaffective disorder, Schizophreniform disorder, Brief reactive psychosis) · Schizophrenia (Disorganized schizophrenia, Delusional disorder, Folie à deux)
Mood (affective) Mania · Bipolar disorder (Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Cyclothymia) · Depression (Major depressive disorder, Dysthymia, Seasonal affective disorder, Atypical)
Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform
Anxiety disorder
Phobia Agoraphobia · Social anxiety/Social phobia (Anthropophobia) · Specific phobia (Claustrophobia)
Other Panic disorder/Panic attack · Generalized anxiety disorder · OCD · stress (Acute stress reaction, PTSD)
Adjustment disorder Adjustment disorder with depressed mood
Somatoform disorder Somatization disorder · Body dysmorphic disorder · Hypochondriasis · Nosophobia · Da Costa's syndrome · Psychalgia · Conversion disorder (Ganser syndrome, Globus pharyngis) · Neurasthenia
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Eating disorder Anorexia nervosa · Bulimia nervosa · Rumination syndrome · NOS
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Personality disorder · Impulse control disorder (Kleptomania, Trichotillomania, Pyromania) · Factitious disorder (Munchausen syndrome)

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I have kleptomania , but when it gets bad, I take something for it.
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I have kleptomania , but when it gets bad, I take something for it.

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Can compulsive lying and kleptomania be connected in some cases?
Q. Can compulsive lying and kleptomania be connected in some cases?
Asked by itsmeloosh - Sat Jun 6 10:32:38 2009 - - 3 Answers - 0 Comments

A. It sure can be connected. If one is too nervous and afraid to admit she's stolen anything, she wouldn't tell the truth about it. Also, because it was easy to take the item, it's no surprise if it were easy to lie about taking it. If you're referring to compulsive lying in general, it doesn't have to be intertwined with kleptomania, but it shouldn't be overlooked.
Answered by Ms. Opinionative - Sat Jun 6 10:36:58 2009

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