A mental disorder or mental illness is a psychological Psychology is an academic and applied discipline which involves the scientific study of human or animal mental functions and behaviors. In the field of psychology, a professional researcher or practitioner is called a psychologist, and is a type of social scientist or behavioural Behavior or behaviour refers to the actions or reactions of an object or organism, usually in relation to the environment. Behavior can be conscious or subconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary or involuntary pattern that occurs in an individual and is thought to cause distress or disability The World Health Organization defines Disability as follows: "Disabilities is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. An impairment is a problem in body function or structure; an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action; while a that is not expected as part of normal development Developmental psychology, also known as human development, is the scientific study of systematic psychological changes that occur in human beings over the course of the life span. Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include adolescence, adult development, aging, and the entire life span. This field examines or culture Culture is a term that has different meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions. However, the word "culture" is most commonly used in three basic senses:. The recognition and understanding of mental health Mental health is a term used to describe either a level of cognitive or emotional well-being or an absence of a mental disorder. From perspectives of the discipline of positive psychology or holism mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life and procure a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological conditions has changed over time and across cultures, and there are still variations in the definition, assessment, and classification of mental disorders The classification of mental disorders, also known as psychiatric nosology or taxonomy, is a key aspect of psychiatry and other mental health professions and an important issue for consumers and providers of mental health services. There are currently two widely established systems for classifying mental illness - Chapter V of the International, although standard guideline criteria are widely accepted. Over a third of people in most countries report meeting criteria for the major categories at some point in their life. The causes The causes of mental disorders are complex, and interact and vary according to the particular disorder and individual. Genetics, early development, drugs, a loss of a family member, disease or injury, neurocognitive and psychological mechanisms, and life experiences, society and culture, can all contribute to the development or progression of are often explained in terms of a diathesis-stress model The diathesis–stress model is a psychological theory that explains behavior as both a result of biological and genetic factors , and life experiences ("nurture"). This model thus assumes that a disposition towards a certain disorder may result from a combination of one's genetics and early learning. The term "diathesis" is and biopsychosocial The biopsychosocial model is a general model or approach that posits that biological, psychological (which entails thoughts, emotions, and behaviors), and social factors, all play a significant role in human functioning in the context of disease or illness. Indeed, health is best understood in terms of a combination of biological, psychological, model. Services Services for mental disorders offer treatments, support or advocacy to people judged to have mental disorders are based in psychiatric hospitals Psychiatric hospitals, also known as mental hospitals, are hospitals specializing in the treatment of serious mental disorder or in the community, and mental health professionals A mental health professional is a person who offers services for the purpose of improving an individual's mental health or to treat mental illness. This broad category includes psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, clinical social workers, psychiatric nurses, mental health counselors as well as many other professionals. These professionals often diagnose individuals by various methods, often relying on observation and questioning in interview. Psychotherapy Psychotherapy or personal counseling with a psychotherapist, is an intentional interpersonal relationship used by trained psychotherapists to aid a client or patient in problems of living and psychiatric medication A psychiatric medication is a licensed psychoactive drug taken to exert an effect on the mental state and used to treat mental disorders. Usually prescribed in psychiatric settings, these medications are typically made of synthetic chemical compounds, although some are naturally occurring[citation needed] are two major treatment options as are social Social work is a profession and a social science committed to the pursuit of social justice, to quality of life, and to the development of the full potential of each individual, group and community in a society. Social workers draw on the social sciences to solve social problems. They may work in research, practice, or both. Practitioners will interventions, peer support Peer support occurs when people provide knowledge, experience, emotional or practical help to each other. It commonly refers to an initiative consisting of trained supporters, and can take a number of forms, such as mentors, listening, or counseling. Peer support is also used to refer to initiatives where colleagues, members of self help and self-help Self-help, or self-improvement, is a self-guided improvement—economically, intellectually, or emotionally—often with a substantial psychological basis. There are many different self-help movements and each one has its own unique focus, techniques, associated beliefs, proponents and in some cases leaders. In some cases there may be involuntary detention Involuntary commitment is the practice of using legal means or forms as part of a mental health law to commit a person to a mental hospital, insane asylum or psychiatric ward against their will and/or over their protests. In some jurisdictions, it was once known as the "restraint of the insane". Now it is called "restraint of the and involuntary treatment Involuntary treatment refers to medical treatment undertaken without a person's consent. In almost all circumstances, involuntary treatment refers to psychiatric treatment administered despite an individual's objections. These are typically individuals who have been diagnosed with a mental illness and are deemed by a court to be a danger to where legislation allows. Stigma and discrimination Crime of apartheid · CERD · CEDAW · CDE · ILO C111 · ILO C100 · Protocol No. 12 ECHR add to the suffering Suffering, or pain in a broad sense, is an individual's basic affective experience of unpleasantness and aversion associated with harm or threat of harm. Suffering may be qualified as physical or mental. It may come in all degrees of intensity, from mild to intolerable. Factors of duration and frequency of occurrence usually compound that of associated with the disorders, and various social movements Social movements are a type of group action. They are large informal groupings of individuals and/or organizations focused on specific political or social issues, in other words, on carrying out, resisting or undoing a social change campaign for change.
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Montreal Gazette
toronto employees who take a leave of absence from work due to mental illness are seven times more likely to leave work again after they return compared ...
Workers with mental illness : New study indicates the need for increased ... Canada NewsWire (press release)
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Mental Illness Forum
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Washington, Feb. 22 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- The National Alliance on . Mental Illness. (NAMI) advises that Congressional staff and reporters will receive information on the impact of America's economic distress and state budget cuts on ...
